| There are six main types of fluency disorders | | | | The onset of neurogenic disfluency is varied. It |
| namely: normal developmental | | | | can occur at any age but it usually appears during |
| disfluency,stuttering, neurogenic | | | | adulthood or among the geriatric population. The |
| disfluency,psychogenic disfluency, language based | | | | neurological events that can trigger the onset of |
| disfluency, and mixed fluency failures. Due to the | | | | neurogenic disfluency are as follows: strokes, head |
| uniqueness and difference of each case, all of | | | | trauma, extrapyramidal diseases, tumors, |
| them require a different kind of management | | | | dementia, drug usage, anoxia, cryosurgery, viral |
| approach in speech therapy. | | | | meningitis and vascular disease. |
| Management For Normal Developmental | | | | Self-monitoring program is one of the most |
| Disfluency | | | | suggested modes for the management of this |
| Developmental disfluency occurs during the critical | | | | kind of disfluency. |
| period of speech and language development. A | | | | Management For Psychogenic Disfluency |
| child is considered to have this condition if 5% or | | | | The onset of psychogenic disfluency is also varied. |
| less of his overall speech-sample are repetitions | | | | A condition is said to be under this category when |
| and 1% or less are prolongations. | | | | 90% of the patient's utterances have become |
| Etiologies of this condition could be: excitement | | | | disfluent when the emotional stimuli is present. |
| while speaking, demands of Language Acquisition, | | | | This condition originates in the mind. The etiology |
| Speech-Motor control is lagging, environmental | | | | could be acute or chronic psychological |
| factors like stress in the family (e.g. separation of | | | | disturbances. Stress is another factor that may |
| parents) and the situations they are in, and daily | | | | also cause the disorder. |
| pressures of competition. | | | | Psychologists, psychiatrist and counselors can only |
| Concerned parents still make their children with | | | | provide treatment of this kind of fluency disorder. |
| this kind of disfluency undergo therapy even if | | | | Speech pathologists prioritize treatment only of |
| this could still possibly decline. These children are | | | | the bad speech habits, which may still be present |
| taught how to: decrease the rate of their speech, | | | | after resolving the emotional issues of the patient. |
| relieve other pressures that the therapist and | | | | Management For Language Based Disfluency |
| parents mutually agree to change, and simplify | | | | This kind of fluency disorder may arise in a child |
| their language. | | | | as soon as any newly introduced language skill |
| Management For Stuttering | | | | emerges, specifically during the toddler to |
| The onset of stuttering may occur between ages | | | | preschool stage. The fluency failure may be due |
| 1-11 years old but it mostly occurs during early | | | | to linguistic or motor immaturity. It can also be a |
| childhood stage, which ranges from 2-6 years old. | | | | result of the child's struggle to acquire newly |
| A condition is diagnosed to be stuttering when the | | | | introduced and more complex language rules. |
| speech has 5% or greater repetitions and 1% or | | | | The management of this kind of disfluency usually |
| greater prolongations. | | | | focuses on improving the child's language skills to |
| There are several approaches to therapeutic | | | | increase his/her linguistic and motor maturity. |
| intervention for early stuttering namely: | | | | Management For Mixed Fluency Failures |
| environmental manipulation, direct work with the | | | | The onset of this condition cannot be exactly |
| child, psychological therapy, desensitization | | | | determined, since it is an overlap pf two or more |
| therapy, parent-child interaction therapy, | | | | causative factors. No specific age for identification |
| fluency-shaping behavioral therapy, and parent and | | | | since onset may be sudden. Therapists must |
| family counseling | | | | prioritize the most debilitating and/or the most |
| Management For Neurogenic Disfluency | | | | correctable aspect of the disfluency. |